Monday, September 30, 2019
A Research Paper on G.K. Chesterton and The Man Who Was Thursday Essay
While doing research on G.K. Chesterton and his literary masterpiece, I came upon this article on Gilbert Magazine in which his answer to the question – â€Å"What is the difference between progress and growth?†– was posted. To this question, he answered: The fatal metaphor of progress, which means leaving things behind us, has utterly obscured the real idea of growth, which means leaving things inside of us.            First of all, I didn’t even know he has a magazine. Secondly, since I have never heard of him before, I ask myself why on earth has it taken so long for me to discover such an amazing man? His statement above is just one of the marvelous pithy quotations of a man who never earned a doctorate and, in fact, never even attended a university. I have read some of them and I am amazed at how he can say something about everything and says it better than everybody else.            It is with utter delight that I am taking this journey to the discovery and uncovering of a genius – a journalist, a debater, an artist, a happy man – for in discovering him, I discover passion, wisdom, and myself. G.K. Chesterton: A Poet, Storyteller, and Ironist            G.K. Chesterton cannot be summed up in one sentence. Nor in one paragraph. With all the fine biographies I have encountered that have been written of him, I don’t know if the Gilbert Keith Chesterton has really been captured between the covers of those books. In the first place, how could one simplify a man of such complex talents? He was very good at expressing himself, but more importantly, he had something very good to express – the reason why he was one of the greatest thinkers and writers of the 20th century and a champion of the Roman Catholic religion. K. Chesterton is alive and kicking today – in a way that most of his contemporaries are not – precisely because he enunciated clearly and forcefully the fundamental principles in the light of which issues, whether of today or of yesterday, can be confronted intelligently, and he has dedicated this extraordinary intellect and creative power to the reform of English government and society. Literary types would laud him for his poetry and novels and detective stories and plays; social critics would approve him for his prescient admonitions about eugenics and nihilism and socialism; champions of domestic democracy would like his doctrine of distributism; philosophers would be challenged by his insights and quips; the fundamentalist Christian would defend him for defending Christianity, and the Catholic Christian would enjoy the enjoyment Chesterton derived from his Catholicism. This is a multifaceted man.            Gilbert was a day boy at St. Paul’s. The masters rated him as an under-achiever, but he earned some recognition as a writer and debater. Although he never went to college, he proved that genius cannot be tied down to the rules of the academy, nor need we be subservient to the prejudices of the academy in evaluating genius. Chesterton, in fact, chose to be a journalist, because in that role he could think most profoundly, powerfully, cogently, and effectively.            He was vitally concerned with the injustices of Great Britain to its dependencies. He progressed from newspaper to public debate. He used logic, laughter, paradox, and his own winning personality to show that imperialism was destroying English patriotism.            In 1900 he published his first literary works, two volumes of poetry. In 1900 he met Hilaire Belloc, and in 1901 he married Frances Blogg. These events were two of the great influences in his life. From 1904 to 1936 Chesterton published nearly a dozen novels, the most important being The Napoleon of Notting Hill (1904) and The Man Who Was Thursday (1908). In 1911 Chesterton created the ‘‘Father Brown’’ detective stories. During his literary career he published 90 books and numerous articles. He poured out a wealth of lighthearted essays, historical sketches, and metaphysical and polemical works, together with such well-known poems as ‘‘The Ballad of the White Horse,’’ ‘‘Lepanto,’’ and the drinking songs from The Flying Inn. Among his major critical works are studies of Robert Browning (1903) and Charles Dickens (1906). Prodigiously talented, Chesterton also illustrated a number of Belloc’s light works.            Chesterton spoke of himself as primarily a journalist. He contributed to and helped edit Eye Witness and New Witness. He edited G. K.’s Weekly, which advocated distributism, the social philosophy developed by Belloc. Chesterton’s overriding concern with political and social injustice is reflected in Heretics (1905) and Orthodoxy (1909), perhaps his most important work.            I could say that Chesterton was not a philosopher in the sense of one who, like Plato or Aristotle, Aquinas or Bonaventure, Descartes or Kant, Hegel or Kierkegaard, made original contributions to the history of human reflection on the reality of the real. We can, however, say that he made two remarkable contributions which are still immensely worthwhile today: (1) he was unmatched in his ability to satirize the philosophical foibles of his day; and (2) although his philosophy was not unique his manner of expressing it was unique; one cannot read him, even today, without being again and again suddenly pulled up short. In view of his perennial concern with ideas – and with ideas that count, with ultimates – he has to be called a philosopher, not merely, however, as a lover of wisdom, but as one who possessed a certain kind of intuitive wisdom.            Throughout his life, G.K. Chesterton was one of the most colorful and loved personalities of literary England. To his intellectual gifts he added gaiety, wit, and warm humanity that endeared him even to his antagonists. This English author, journalist, and artist was born in London on May 29, 1874. He died at his home in Beaconsfield on June 14, 1936, but it doesn’t matter. To those who know him and are passionate readers of his works, his wisdom lives on. To those like me who simply stumbled upon him, he lives again. In our hearts, his wisdom is timeless. The Man Who Was Thursday: A Masterpiece of a Non-Degree Holder Genius            Versatility of topic, address, genre, device, whatever more there is in the heaven and earth of mind and spirit brought to letters–such is the hallmark and mandate of Chesterton. He can be straightforward and for right, crisp and to the point, or witty, with a certain malice aforethought. He can take the way of irony or simply snort when his patience is exhausted. He can soar with angelic sweep or swoop like a bird of prey. His descriptive hand is as authentic as any, as witness this from the beginning of The Man Who Was Thursday: The suburb of Saffron Park lay on the sunset side of London, as red and ragged as a cloud of sunset. It was built of a bright brick throughout; its skyline †¦ fantastic †¦ its ground plan †¦ wild†¦. More especially this attractive unreality fell upon it about nightfall when the extravagant roofs were dark against the afterglow and the whole insane village seemed as separate as a drifting cloud. This . . . was more strongly true of the many nights of local festivity, when the little gardens were often illuminated, and the big Chinese lanterns glowed in the dwarfish trees like some fierce and monstrous fruit.            The Man Who Was Thursday was the phantasmagoric 1908 novel of eccentric anarchists, philosopher-detectives and a riddle-writing criminal mastermind who just might be God. Subtitled â€Å"A Nightmare,†this masterpiece by G.K. Chesterton – better known for his Father Brown detective series – mingles theological brainteasing with cloak-and-dagger capers like a cross-country balloon chase and a  bombing conspiracy fomented over jam and crumpets.            This metaphysical thriller spirals out madly from a marvelous premise: a London counterintelligence chief has formed a corps of â€Å"policemen who are also philosophers.†An initiate tells the book’s hero Gabriel Syme, who is with the British police: The ordinary detective goes to pot-houses to arrest thieves; we go to artistic tea-parties to detect pessimists. The ordinary detective discovers from a ledger or a diary that a crime has been committed. We discover from a book of sonnets that a crime will be committed†¦ We say that the most dangerous criminal now is the entirely lawless modern philosopher.            Soon after joining these vigilantes, he was hired by an unknown, unseen man to infiltrate the noted anarchist movement, making him stumble upon an anarchist conspiracy to destroy civilization and morality itself. He starts with a loudmouthed â€Å"poet of disorder†, Gregory, and follows him into a meeting of the anarchists. Gregory is forced to keep Gabriel’s identity a secret for his own sake, for he himself had led the policeman into their secret hideaway.            The undercover Gabriel manages to get elected as one of the seven top men in the organization, alias Thursday, much to Gregory’s silent chagrin. Gabriel meets with the other members of the council, all of who appear to be dark and dreadfully evil– most of all the President, the huge mountain of a man called Sunday. Little by little, however, Gabriel realizes that the other five people under Sunday are not at all evil, but all of them spies from the police!            In the process, however, Gabriel succeeds in getting an entire French countryside to think he and his new friends are really anarchists (meanwhile they are thinking, or wondering in disbelief, that the entire countryside is full of anarchists after them). They nearly get lynched. When things are settled, this group of undercover police go back to England to seek out Sunday, whom they soon find is the very man who hired them to infiltrate the council in the first place! Sunday leads them on a strange and wild chase, during which the six philosophize about the nature of their strange antagonist.            Phantasmagoric escapades proliferate, and police pursuit collides with the carnivalesque nature of the universe. They realize that they have been seeing him from behind, and from behind he looks brutal; but the apparent evil was misleading. The journey ends at a palatial estate where the six are treated like kings, and finally see Sunday for who he is– The Sabbath, the peace of God. The council of anarchists has turned into a High Council commemorating the Seven Days of God’s Creation.            The purpose of Sunday as the evil anarchist was to bring forth good through the others to urge them on to unnatural virtue. As they were fighting, they were fighting Satan. As the hearers grow indignant at Sunday’s using them for his purposes and allowing them to go through such trials, the paradoxical Problem of Evil seems somehow resolved. The last question asked of the strange man as he recedes into space is ‘Have you ever suffered?’– and the answer the Christian knows is whispered from the distance. The last scene sees Gabriel Syme waking from his reverie, and chatting philosophy with the other Poet of Saffron Park, Gregory.             Chesterton offers up one highly colored enigma after another in The Man That Was Thursday. He truly knows how to create an atmosphere of hallucinatory suspense, to use the fantastic and paradoxical and fugitive to glimpse the other side of God. In an article published the day before his death, he called this literary masterpiece of his, â€Å"a very melodramatic sort of moonshine.†I guess that’s how we would describe a novel set in a phantasmagoric London where policemen are poets and anarchists camouflage themselves as, well, anarchists. By turns hilarious and terrifying, Chesterton’s The Man Who Was Thursday is a lyrical search for truth in a world where nothing is what it seems.            This is not a book. This is a glorious experience. Works Cited Bloom, Harold. Modern Horror Writers (Writers of English). New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1994. Chesterton, G.K. The Autobiography of G.K. Chesterton. New York: Sheed & Ward, 1936. Chesterton, G.K. The Man Who Was Thursday: A Nightmare. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1908. Coren, Michael. Gilbert, The Man Who Was G.K. Chesterton. New York: Paragon House, 1990. Dale, Alzina Stone. The Outline of Sanity: A Biography of G.K. Chesterton. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 1982. Dale, Alzina Stone. The Art of G.K. Chesterton. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1985. Ffinch, Michael. G.K. Chesterton. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1986. â€Å"More letters asking ‘What’s the Difference?’.†Gilbert Magazine Outlining Sanity. 30 November 2007 Titterton, W.R. G.K. Chesterton: A Portrait. Folcroft, Pennsylvania: Folcroft Library
Sunday, September 29, 2019
Earth Is Precious Essay
The seven continents are the seven main land areas on the Earth. Some are joined to each other, and some are completely surrounded by water. Some continents have a lot of countries, but others have only a few. Erin Ate Nine Sticky Apricots At Aprils. If you can remember this mnemonic device called an acrostic then it is easy remember all Continents names as the first letter of each word corresponds with the first letter of a continent. These continents are: Europe, Asia, North America, South America, Australia, Antarctica, Africa! Interestingly the names of all the continents end with the same letter with which they start. It is believed that in past ,all continents were joined, this land area was called Pangaea .This area started to break up & got divided into 7 parts ,so today we have 7 continents .These continents are still moving away or moving close to each other. This is called continental drift or plate tectonics theory. For example Europe & North America are said to be moving 7 cm apart every year. Asia It is the largest continent .It covers one-third of earth’s surface. Also it is the biggest in terms of population in the world. Half of the world population lives here. World’s two most populous countries, China & India are in this continent. It has 30% of world land area & 60% of population It is the birth place of great religions – Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Christianity It is also the place of great ancient civilizations- Chinese, Harrapan. It is the home of the 10 highest mountain peaks in the world. Mount Everest , the highest mountain in the world is here only . Africa It is the second largest continent. It is also called Dark Continent as for long time not much was known about this continent due to its difficult inhabitable terrain. It is the home of the Nile ,the longest river in the world. It is also the home of the Sahara, the largest desert in the world. The equator passes through the middle of Africa continent ,so it receives direct sunlight throughout the year. So it has hot climate throughout the year. World’s hottest place Ethiopia is also in Africa continent. Africa is very rich in minerals.Ninety five percent of the worlds’s diamonds and more than 50% of the world’s gold comes from Africa. 66% of world’s chocolate comes from Africa. Australia Australia is the largest island (island is a place which is surrounded by water from all sides).It is also the smallest continent in the world. It is also known as â€Å"island continent†. Australia continent has only one country ,which is Australia itself.It lies entirely south of the equator and is called land down under. The name Australia comes from the Latin word australis which means Southern, it seems it was named as Southern place because it lies entirely south of equator. Today the full official name of Australia is Commonwealth of Australia. Two thirds of Australia is flat desert. Australia is home of three unique animals: platypus ,mammal that lays eggs, the kangaroo,which carries its young in a pouch,the emu ,a large bird that does not fly. Australia’s Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest coral reef,it is made up of coral deposits & is about 2000 kilo meters long Australia is also known for its various type of Eucalyptus trees.There are over 500 varieties. Australia ‘s sheep population is more than its human population. Its sheep population is 14 times more than its human population.This is why Australia stands first in the production & export of wool in the world. Antratica Antarctica is a frozen land area around the South Pole.It is also called â€Å"Frozen Continent†. Antarctica is the highest, driest, windiest, emptiest, coldest place on earth. Antarctica contains 75% of the ice in the world.It is estimated that ice is 4 km thick. It looks all white, that is why it is also known as â€Å"White Contnent†. Antarctica also contains about 70% of the world’s fresh water Antarctica is the windiest continent on earth. . The water of the Antarctica is so cold that nothing can rot here. . The coldest natural temperature ever recorded in the world was in Antarctica. It was as low as –89.2 °C (–129 °F) . Europe It is believed that Europe is named originally after ‘Europa’ who was a Phoenician Princess from Greek Mythology.. In Europe , there are no deserts.It is the only continent without any deserts. Venice, the world’s smallest country is in Europe . Most of the countries of Europe use a single currency called the Euro. Germany is the most populous country in Europe, Industrial revolution is said to have originated in Europe only & from here it spread to whole world. North America North America was named after the explorer Americo Vespucci. North America is the only continent that has every kind of climate The population density is approximately 22.9 per square kilometer, which is the largest for any continent in the world. North America is around twice the size of Europe. Lake Superior in North America is the largest fresh water lake in the world. It is located on the border between the United States and Canada. It is also known as â€Å"New World†North America is the third-largest continent in area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. South America Andes i,n South America, form the Second Highest Mountain System in the World next to the Himalayas(in Asia). They are Young Fold Mountains. Mt. Aconcagua is the Highest Peak (7,021 m) of The Andes. The Angel Falls of South America ,is the Highest Waterfall in the World. It also has the world’s largest river –Amazon (by volume of water).The name Amazon comes from Native American name for the river ‘Amazunu’ meaning ‘big wave’.In length ,it is the second longest river in the world (6440 km) South America is also the home of anaconda,one of the world’s largest snakes.
Saturday, September 28, 2019
Affirmative action and Its affect on women Research Paper
Affirmative action and Its affect on women - Research Paper Example Through the years, women in most cultures have been viewed as instruments or properties and worst, as sexual objects who need to satisfy the fantasies of men. This paper discusses this certain issue on feminism wherein women are placed on a lower pedestal as prostitutes. The common perception that women are regarded as such is due to how men treat women in general and that women have the right for a better image than a lowly sex object. If prostitution is considered as a career, then women should be given equal rights as the men so that they will be able to step out from such a shameful status. The movie â€Å"Pretty Women†(Marshall) is the story of a prostitute, Vivian Ward portrayed by Julia Roberts who was hired by a businessman, Edward Lewis played by Richard Gere. The businessman was in Los Angeles for a week and he got lost in the city. That was when he met the prostitute who offered to bring the rich businessman to his destination. The man then hires Ward not as a sexu al partner but as an escort to social events and the two agreed on the price. With the way Ward dressed, she was given queer stares from the employees and other clients of the hotel where Lewis stayed. With such dilemma, the man encouraged her to buy a new wardrobe. With much money on hand, Ward gleefully went to expensive stores but was given an unexpected cold reception. The salespersons did not treat her well because of the way she looked, obviously of an unsophisticated breeding. However, she tries to get back at them when Lewis accompanied her the following day to go shopping, approaching the salesladies that they made a big mistake. As the story unfolds, the protagonist finds herself in love with the businessman and the latter offered to find her a place to stay so they could continue seeing each other. However, affected by the play the two earlier watched, the woman identified her love story with the main characters’ so that she felt insulted with Lewis’ proposa l. The man then leaves for work and the woman was left in the hotel. Later, a colleague of Lewis’ arrived at the hotel tried to sexually assault Ward after some argument. However, Lewis comes in the nick of time to save the woman. He then tries to convince the woman to stay with him but she refuses. The story ends the way the woman wanted to, with Lewis rushing to Ward’s apartment who did not walk through the door but climbed the fire escape ladder with a bouquet of roses clenched in his teeth. The two then kissed and the story ended with the classic tale of two lovers living together happily ever after. The film portrays a very sensitive social issue on feminism that could perhaps be one of the oldest social problems concerning the so-called â€Å"weaker sex†. First, the protagonist was shown on the streets at night, without regard to the dangers that might befall her in her job as a prostitute. The woman along with her companions did not seem to mind what kind of men they would sleep with as long as they have customers who would be able to pay them well and enable them to buy their necessities with their payments. Their job did not just expose them to sexually transmitted diseases but also to physical dangers brought about by criminal activities in their dangerous environment. This is similarly dangerous as other jobs with high health risks such as careers in mining and chemical companies. With the known risks in such work areas, employees are often guaranteed safety through frequent inspections of the work place, training sessions and provision of protective gadgets. However, for prostitutes, no such measures
Friday, September 27, 2019
Civil war and reconstruction Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Civil war and reconstruction - Term Paper Example Therefore, the paper will focus on explaining the reason why the system failed and the reason behind the North winning the war, and it will explain the extent of the war and the reconstruction that followed in order to resolve the issues that created the breakdown. After the elections in 1860 to the presidency of Republican Abraham Lincoln, there was a succession in the southern states from Federal Union in 1861, though it focused on establishing the independent Confederacy of state for protecting the slavery. On the other hand, the Northern Unionists focused on unconstitutional secession, whereby they were willing to apply the military force to keep the South in the Union. However, the Southerners who had no slaves were against the threatened Federal coercion. This resulted to a costly and bloody civil war and numerous American were killed in the Civil War, since the nations, wars were combined (Dew, 5). Southern region became overwhelmed by war and this resulted to a burden by debt due to misgovernment and demoralization by a long period of racial warfare. There were harsh penalties imposed on Southern white leaders, and they humiliated the discrimination against blacks. This led to the â€Å"Jim Crow,†which was experienced during the nineteenth century, whereby the Southern states had isolated public facilities that abolished black accessibility to numerous public amenities such as restaurants, hotels and parks. Reconstruction is judged insensitively by comparing it to the moral transparency related to the Civil War, due to the dark moments of political divergence, dishonesty and deterioration. During the period of reconstruction, slaves were granted their freedom, but not equality, whereby the North failed to address the economic needs of the freedmen, and this effort indicated the inadequacy to the desperate needs of the former slave for institutions. This relates to institutions that offer political and economic opportunity or
Thursday, September 26, 2019
Are Whistle Blowers Heroes or Traitors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Are Whistle Blowers Heroes or Traitors - Essay Example In fact, the whistle blowing at the workplace is necessary because it might help to prevent future disasters. In order to encourage people to report about the wrongdoings â€Å"in 1999, the Government introduced the Public Interest Disclosure Act. Public Concern at Work dubbed the Act "the most far-reaching whistle-blower law in the world" because it encourages employees to speak out about wrongdoing in the workplace and protects them from being unfairly victimized as a result of their actions†(Blowing the Whistle, 1) If whistleblowing at a workplace is highly encouraged and is mostly positive, the whistleblowing in interpersonal relations should be avoided. Let us consider an example; during a conversation between two friends, one of them has told that he fiddled his tax returns. Would it be appropriate for the other person to inform the corresponding authorities about the wrongdoing of his friend? The authorities have given citizens an array of free phone numbers for informing about the wrongdoings in versatile areas. The most famous is the benefit fraud line, set up in the summer of 1995 and reputed to be taking 8,000 calls a week. Its success appears to have set a precedent: now we have the Crime Stoppers Trust offering rewards for solving crimes, an Environment Agency line looking for information on polluters, and various lines that encourage us to tell local environmental health departments about noisy neighbors. It is worth to note that whistleblowers speak not for their own good and often risk their careers because the parties they stand up against are much more powerful. That is why whistleblowing is equated to heroism.                                                 Â
Pyschology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Pyschology - Essay Example It emphasises on the importance of evolutionary origins as reasons for our behavioural and anthropological responses. There might not even be a difference between reason and instinct as early philosophers like Aquinas and Hume set out to prove. May be just maybe the terms are interchangeable. He goes on to explain how the phenomena of linking biology with psychology revists the five basic principles of psychology. 3. " your conscious experience can mislead you into thinking that our circuitry is simpler that it really is. Most problems that you experience as easy to solve are very difficult to solve -- they require very complicated neural circuitry" The author believes that these five principles are the " tools for thinking about psychology, which can be applied to any topic: sex and sexuality, how and why people cooperate, whether people are rational, how babies see the world, conformity, aggression, hearing, vision, sleeping, eating, hypnosis, schizophrenia and on and on." This for him this links many areas of study into one ,i.e. the study of evolutionary psychology. The author tries to bring in the views of Darwin who believed a lot in the evolutional psychology of mankind. He agrees with Darwin's views on "adaptation driven by natural selection" and "common descent". He also cites Dawkins and Williams in their support for the idea that "natural selection is the only component of the evolutionary process that can introduce complex functional organization in to a species' phenotype". He goes on to say that our "selections" for reproduction are natural and we are programmed to choose the best looking mate out there for procre ation. 4. Did the author address any contrary evidence or the opinions/work of others that run counter the author(s) claims He refers to the works of Aquinas and Hume saying that the position before the theory of Darwin came out was that there was a " a common view among philosophers and scientists that the human mind resembles a blank slate, virtually free of content until written on by the hand of experience." He quotes Aquinas as saying "there is
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
Land mine detection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Land mine detection - Assignment Example 1.2 Problems with Depth and Speed An efficient detection system must not be sensitive to the depth of the mine underground and detection should be performed at a reasonable speed (Hussein & Waller 1999). On the subject of depth, if the mine detector is sensitive to the depth of the buried mine, then it will probably not be able to detect mines buried relatively deeper but which will still explode upon contact. Moreover, on the subject of speed, if the personnel in charge of the mine detector do not perform the operation reasonably fast, this will result in relatively more expensive operational costs. 1.3 Problems with the Background Since mines are buried all over different soil types and terrain as well as different local circumstances, then it follows that a good detection system must be extremely specific in the identification of the mine itself and should not be affected by the surrounding conditions (Hussein & Waller 1999). This means that the detection system must remain unaffe cted by the weather, the temperature of the soil as well as the relative amount or mere presence of moisture in the area where the mine is buried. Otherwise, the detection system may fail to identify the presence of the mine. Another problem concerning the fact that mines are buried underground is that even detection of dogs and electronic chemical sniffers can be thwarted because of the presence of residual vapor emissions from explosives that recently detonated (Hussein & Waller 1999). This means that despite the highly sensitive olfactory sense of dogs and the sophisticated nature of electronic chemical sniffers, they are still apt to detect the wrong vapors that would lead them to remnants of explosives and not mines. Other mine detection systems like pulse-induction metallic detectors and ground penetrating radars may be able to detect microwaves, but these microwaves are not pronounced if the mines are non-metallic. Moreover, echoes from the surface and from rocks and tree roo ts may interfere with the microwaves emitted by a particular mine, thus preventing accurate detection. 2. WHAT EFFECT DOES NEW TECHNOLOGY HAVE ON THE COST OF REMOVING LANDMINES? The cost to remove all of the estimated 110 million active mines in the world is around $33 billion and a total operation time of around 1,100 years given the current conditions (United Nations 1997). Moreover, the main reason for the high cost of landmine removal has always been the â€Å"the amount of clutter in typical minefields,†which account for 95% of detected objects by many landmine removal systems (Won et al. 2001). 2.1 Manufacturing and Operation Costs of Modern Mine Flails Mine flails, or devices mounted on vehicles that detonate land mines along its path, are highly sophisticated and complex that their manufacturing and operating costs are extremely expensive. The Aardvark, which operates on a 160 hp turbo charged diesel engine and which has a full armored structure and communication equ ipment, actually operates at the rate of $0.33 per square meter while clearing mines at the rate of around 600 square meters per hour (LandmineClearance.com 2004; Green 1999). Other flails however would cost up to $2 per square meter (Hartley 2003). That means $198
Monday, September 23, 2019
Five Concert Journals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Five Concert Journals - Essay Example Each year, a lot of people visit the Westminster Abbey seeking God’s blessings and healing. Many of them attend the sacrament of reconciliation and for anointing their sick. The atmosphere inside the Abbey was so peaceful and quiet and was conducive to prayer. Service began with the whole congregation joining in a hymn, as the priest took his place at the altar. I found that music played a major role in the activities of the Abbey and so did the Choral services rendered by the Choir of Westminster Abbey which is one of the best choirs that is renowned world wide. The choir comprised of twelve professional adults singers also called as Lay Vicars and 30 dedicated boys who belonged to the Residential Choir school. James O’Donnell, the Organist and Master of the Choristers directed the choir very meticulously. The singing by the soloists and the choir was of a very high standard showing that a lot of hard work had been done to achieve it. The chief instrument used was the organ. All the hymns were sung by the soloists and choir and alternated between slow and medium paced rhythms. I really enjoyed attending the service at Westminster Abbey and was really impressed with the singing. 2. The second journal is about my visit to the Royal Free Music Society on Saturday the 15th of October. I went for both the rehearsal and concert of Mozart’s Mass in C minor conducted by Benjamin Wolf. The conductor Benjamin Wolf was welcomed as the main vocalists took the stage in front of the orchestra. The piece began with the Kyrie, softly with the violins and then the choir joined in unison. The soprano was quite talented and used good vocal techniques. After the soprano had rendered her lines, the whole choir reciprocated, by joining flawlessly in unison. The singing by the soprano and the choir alternated with each other and was strongly backed by the orchestra. The tempo that was maintained throughout was medium paced with good rhythm and ended in a soft chorus. The Gloria that was performed by the orchestra was filled with energy and enthusiasm from the beginning to the end. The piece began with a loud chorus where everyone joined in. As the piece progressed it alte rnated between the sopranos and altos on one hand and the tenor and bass on the other. In between were spots of softly sung music backed by soft playing of the orchestra. The instruments used to play Mozart’s Mass in C Minor were violins, cellos, double bass, saxophones, drums, trumpet and the trombone. I liked Mozart’s Mass in C Minor for its brilliance in construction as well as execution by the singers and the orchestra. I really enjoyed witnessing the rehearsal as well as the concert. 3. On Thursday the 27th of October at 1pm, I visited St. Johns Smith’s Square to see Jonathan Vaughn playing on the organ. The lunchtime concert comprised of the J.S Bach Prelude in Eb BWV522. Three Chorale Preludes on Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland; Canonic Variations on Von Himmel Hoch, da komm ich her BWV769; Fugue in Eb BWV522, Liszt Prelude and Fugue on B-A-C-H The J.S Bach Prelude in Eb BWV522 began brightly by Jonathan Vaughn with an apt use of rubato alternated with s light tempo variances to make it more effective. It was a technically brilliant piece that needed a lot of skill and effort to make it sound pleasing and the organist did an excellent job which proved his skill and ability at the organ as well as his mastery over the piece. Three Chorale Preludes on Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland by Bach –Busoni was a soft organ recital that was so mellow and uplifting. The piece was very melodious and the rhythm alternated between slow and medium paced. Liszt Prelude and
Sunday, September 22, 2019
Risk Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1
Risk Assessment - Essay Example 428). On the other hand, a hazard is the potential to cause harm and may take the forms of biological hazards, chemical hazards, natural hazards, cultural hazards, and lifestyle choices (Spoolman & Miller, 2011, 429). The risk of being alcoholic in figure 17-16 and the risk of alcohol consumption in figure 17-3 surprised me because of difference in ranking. In figure 17-16, being alcoholic has the most relative risks towards other hazards as reflected on more than 4,000 days lost of life expectancy. The risk shown in the figures surprised me as I expected that in figure 17-3, alcohol consumption would have the highest degree of risk; however, figure 17-3 revealed that cigarette smoking has the highest degree of risk with annual risk of 10 per 1,000 and alcohol consumption ranked thirteenth with 6.4 per 1000,000 annual risk. Aside from hazard and risk, differentiating hazard from outrage is also necessary in a risk assessment. While hazard is a real and objective risk, an outrage is a subjective, social science, perceived risk (Sandman, 2003, 9). As described earlier, a hazard has the potential to cause harm and outrage happens when the public overestimate the harm a hazard can cause. Although an outrage is a public perception of harm, an outrage is as real, as measurable, as manageable, and as much as part of risk and job as hazard (Sandman, 2011, 9). Hazard levels and outrage levels may differ in degree. For instance, a hazard might has a relative low risk but with a high outrage risk. This is the scenario that happened after Exxon Valdez disaster in Alaska in 1989, an oil spill disaster. A BP oil tanker spilled a smaller amount of oil off the cost of California (low hazard risk) but since the public realized that Exxon erred by not providing quickly, timely, and honest information about the spill, the public viewed the same scenario as equally disastrous as the Exxon disaster and the public’s level
Saturday, September 21, 2019
Computer Networks And Internet Protocol Television Essay Example for Free
Computer Networks And Internet Protocol Television Essay The advent of computer has changed the way the world moves. Distance factor is no longer a problem. The physical might appear a big place with things at far off places but the world in virtual form doesn’t believe in distance. Everything can be achieved within minutes if not seconds. The whole technology behind this mega change is based on computer and is termed as Information Technology. This technology has led to the creation of a cyber world or electronically generated world with the help of computers connected to each other through suitable wires. Now words like cybercafe, cyber chat, cyberspace, cyber shopping, etc. have started making rounds. People can send electronic mails to far off places within seconds. Details and information are getting transferred within few seconds. People in Shanghai and New York are just seconds away. Transferring data in electronic form is actually the fastest way to transfer things. It’s not only the message transfer that has been revolutionized but also the business world. There are virtual shopping malls with website offering you a range of products ranging from computer peripherals to groceries. Companies are now providing details of their product through their website and are accepting customers’ requests of information and now even orders for products are being accepted. Everything is available. Money transfer can easily be done through wire transfer techniques. People do not wait. This world is not ruled by armed soldiers or any nuclear weapon. It’s the information which rules. The physical world just has to react on the outcome. Its role is just for receiving and sending. This high performing virtual world has made significant change in the performance of the actual world (Tanenbaum, 2003). Things in real world are now easier to comprehend. Outsourcing has helped in accessing low cost labor in far off Asian nations like India and China. Multinational companies like Microsoft, IBM, GM. , GE etc. have offices in almost in each part of the world with performance of each of these units can be monitored from any of its offices. Their offices have been networked though LANs i. e. , Local Area Network and WANs i. e. , Wide Area Network. They have virtually made themselves available to their customers any time anywhere and just a click away (Tanenbaum, 2003). 2. Computer System Network of computers A computer system and network of computers are actually two different but interrelated things. A computer system is just a normal computer including peripherals and software necessary for the functioning of the device (Webopedia). But if we talk of Computer Network, it can be defined in a very simple way as a network of computers (Princeton). But giving full importance to all factors getting into act when we talk about network, the definition which actually makes complete sense is none other than the two or more computers connected together to share hardware, software and data and has been implemented according to some topology (Tanenbaum, 2003). The network can have all peripherals located within an office or building. This arrangement is often termed as Local Area Network or LAN (Tech, 2006). If the same is achieved in a wide area i. e. , computers connected to the network are located at places as diverse as countries in different continents, we can call the same as Wide Area Network or WAN (Cisco, 2006). Calling all computers and other intelligent parts of it as nodes, the term network topology can be defined as patterns of links connecting a pair of nodes of a network. 3. Internet Protocol IPTV Technology related television services which include uplink and transmission has seen some of very revolutionary inventions of modern science. The television delivery system has now moved from terrestrial transmission through analog signals to encrypted digital signals through internet as well as IPTV (Anderson, 2006). The entertainment world through television is now very much eager to move from TV being delivered through cable to Internet Protocol Television with content being viewed through technologies used for computer networks (Lu, 2006). The last decade of the 20th century witnessed the massive growth in Internet Protocol based services. Now with the fast development of hardware and software technologies, this internet world has now developed to accommodate services like VoIP and many other telecom products (Wikipedia, 2007). It is a system which delivers digital television services to registered subscribers in a managed network with address based technology. The unique IP address of a subscriber provides him a virtual address over a network and creates a connection between the service provider and the television (Wikipedia, 2007). 4. Television through IPTV: a new experience IPTV is going to give the most electrifying experience to its subscribers. It’s not just seamless TV viewing but also more interactive and personalized. Things like participation in a game show or any discussion board will only require the use of the remote while sitting on the couch. Now the user will not feel being bombarded with a long list of channels rather get a very creative option to receive them with a much richer experience (International Engineering Consortium, 2007). The two-way signal broadcasting system through the network over which IPTV depends, allows the viewers to make selection that too on demand with time shift option. The additional services which can also be incorporated with IPTV are the Web Browsing i. e. surfing the internet, gaming with a game console with the current system and finally the communication applications which can enable email, MMS, Chat, etc (Telecom Italia, 2006). Figure 1 (IPTV delivery Infrastructure) The Set-Top Box which has made this IPTV happen which at one end is connected to the TV set while the other end to an ADSL connection can easily be made to supply Broadcast TV services (BTV) as well as Video On Demand (VOD) services. This BTV facilitates the simultaneous reception by the users of a traditional TV channel. And using multicasting protocols IPTV can make available services which are similar to experiences of a traditional TV like Free-to-air or Pay TV or a Pay-Per-view service (Luarel Networks). The same IPTV can be used by service providers to provide the VOD service which is made available on request. The VOD service requires implementation through IP unicast protocols (Ericsson, 2006). The enhanced IPTV can also make Personal Video Recorder (PVR) services available. The local PVR makes way for video-recording on the STB hard-disk with another set of functions for live, pause and replay. Similarly the Network-based PVR stores the data on the operator’s server which is generally used for VOD (International Engineering Consortium, 2007). On technological point, the IPTV makes way for better utilization of available infrastructure like the bandwidth. Traditional transmission technology actually sends more than hundred channels simultaneously while the IPTV requires just one channel to be sent to the subscriber at a time. Every time the user selects a channel or a program, a new streaming takes place with data related to the newly selected channel (Anderson, 2006). 5. IPTV: More Advantages, More services More Business The IPTV will lead to a very new level of interactivity among Internet and data mainly as voice and video. A cable based TV network beams data in form of video mostly in MPEG format through an explicit bandwidth portion while the internet which enables high speed data transfer works on an IP based network and the data transfer is based on packets rather than streams. Both the technologies are technically very different. This IPTV is an amalgam of both the successful technologies. Being a data-centric application, the packets over this network can deliver both video as well as data (International Engineering Consortium, 2007). Figure 2: Telecommunications IPTV system solution The traditional cable network is often overloaded with more than 100 channels being transmitted simultaneously. So there is a limitation of maximum number of channels that can be made available to the subscriber. IPTV has a very clear advantage (Times News Network, 2006). Theoretically this technology can make almost infinite number of channels at the customer’s disposal. The transmission line actually transmitted a single channel which has been demanded by the customer. So the infrastructure usage per customer is negligible while opening a new era of almost every channel on the planet being made available to the user. The IP technology being a packet based product requires an acknowledgement to be sent to the source for every packet. This ensures that every packet sent by the source should remain intact and any loss of data will require resending of the same packet. This feature ensures very high quality of the product which the subscriber will receive (Anderson, 2006). The advantages associated to IPTV is not just conventional entertainment and advertisement based business but the technology can have its usage in developing new products which can make way to many other forms of businesses. The web based training is one of the many other possibilities. The IPTV network can be used to run different courses by making the videos of the classes available to the registered students (International Engineering Consortium, 2007). IPTV is the next big thing after telecom and internet. The business possibilities associated with this technology is almost as broad as the human thought. Almost all telecom companies are putting big money in exploration and marketing of this product (Blau, 2005). The business network and the corporate LAN’s may be greatest beneficiary with the delivery of videos and television content. The customized content delivery and the extremely secure network will reduce the theft cases to negligible. Customization facility will help the advertisers to understand the behavior of consumers and then will go for personalized ads that will translate into significant business returns (Iyer, 2005). 6. Conclusion The IPTV is going to be the next big thing in communication and media industry. With money pouring inform all big telecom companies IPTV is going to be a very serious business with entertainment becoming more and more customizable. The subscriber will experience a very different medium of entertainment with highest level of interactivity and almost innumerable possible services that too very much on his own wishes. 7. Bibliography Anderson, N. (2006) An introduction to IPTV. Available from http://arstechnica. com/guides/other/iptv. ars [Accessed 10 October 2007] Blau, J. (2005) Internet TV: Still Fuzzy, but Promising. IDG News ServiceAvailable from http://www. pcworld. com/news/article/0,aid,122138,00. asp [Accessed 10 October 2007] Cisco Systems, 2006. Wide Area Network. http://www. cisco. com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/introwan. htm [Accessed 10 October 2007]
Friday, September 20, 2019
Cons of a bioassay
Cons of a bioassay 1. Cons of a bioassay- firstly the response to a hormone by a specific tissue may not reflect the in vivo response. For example, a hormone may be modified by another factor within the tissue before it acts on the tissue. Furthermore, the hormone that you are testing i.e the number of contractions in uterine tissue in response to a specific oxytocin concentration, may not be entirely be due to oxytocin i.e. PGF2a is also psent in uterine tissue which acts locally to cause contractions also(Callegari et al, 2005). Also, an animal may need to be killed in order to isolate one organ only i.e. the uterus in mice. There is also biological variation between species i.e. human and mouse, and so the physical outcome in response to a particular hormone in mice may not reflect what the outcome is in man. Pros of a bioassay-allows you to determine whether a hormone is psent in a particular tissue and/or plasma. This gives you an idea of how the hormone may act in vivo and how the effects may be modified in a dose response fashion on a particular tissue. The outcomes on hormone responses observed in mice tissue might repsent the way the drug works in man(Bulletti, 2005). An unknown concentration of a particular hormone can be devised. You can also use a bioassay to configure the biological response of an exogenous substance, and to make comparisons of the variety of effects of different substances on different tissues. 2. According to Furchgott and Zawadzki (1980) the type of cut of tissue does not matter. As long as the section is carried out carefully so that the endothelial cells remain intact. The myometrium is part of an endothelial layer that contains the receptors for oxytocin. Basically the cut does not matter; however, the receptors need to remain intact. 3. We would automatically think that in the absence of any hormones the baseline activity will be zero. However, this is not the case i.e. if the cotton string was interfered with the baseline activity may be altered. Furthermore, the baseline activity probably is not a reflection of the absence of hormones. Therefore, it is very important to obtain a baseline bioassay measurement, to establish how psence of other factors in the tissue could interfere with subsequent measurements. 4. The greater the amount of oxytocin added to the water bath the greater was the frequency. However, the amplitude sid not change. In other words a greater amount of oxytocin added to the water bath-the greater number of contractions within the uterus, although the force of the strength of the contractions was not altered. 5. To quantitate the amount of oxytocin of the unknown (the amount of oxytocin in IU per g in mice pituitary tissue) the area under the curves for each concentration (1IU, 5IU, and 10IU) added to the water bath-the unknown was calculated. The area (uterine work) was figured by printing the curves on graph paper, cutting out the curves and weighing the paper in grams and dividing the weight by the weight of a 1cm2 piece of paper to give the uterine work (area under curve (cm2)). Subsequently, the value of the uterine work for each concentration including the unknown concentration plotted on the graph. Please see graph and calculation on the next page. Calculating the area in this way was a more simple option compared to calculating the work by using the amplitudes (which did not vary considerably) and the frequency, or by counting the number of squares underneath the curves. 6. Please see graph and calculation on following page. 7/8. This assay was not specific. In regards to the uterus in mice other hormones which affect the frequency of contractions are psent. For example, PGF2a which also acts on the myometrium of the uterus works to increases the amount of contractions. Furthermore, progesterone is responsible for making uterine muscle more contractile, while estrogen and relaxin causes it to relax(Blanks and Shymgol, 2007). In a pituitary, hormones such as progestins, estrogens, androgens, which alter uterine contractility, may be found. Additionally, vasopssin is secreted by the posterior pituitary and binds to a receptor very similar to the oxytocin receptor within the uterus (Furchgott and Zawadzki, 1980). At any one time vasopssin may bind to an oxytocin receptor stimulating the same response (Furchgott and Zawadzki, 1980). Therefore, depending on weather or not and how much of the above hormones were psent in the mice uterus and the pituitary- alters the effect of oxytocin acting alone. Also, other hormones such as prolactin, dopamine, inhibin, LH and FSH are found within the pituitary gland. 9. This bioassay was not good in terms of its specificity as mentioned in questions 7/8. However, it could be made more specific i.e. add antagonists of the hormones psent in both the uterine and pituitary tissues to the water bath except for oxytocin, or to isolate the oxytocin from the pituitary tissue first which is obtained by density gradient centrifugation of isolated pituitary tissue, subsequently adding it to the water bath. 10. Blanks, A., Shmygol, S. (2007). Myometrial function in pmaturity. Best Practice Research Clinical Obstetrics Gynaecology 21: 807-819. Bulletti, C., Zieglar, D. (2005). Uterine contractility and embryo implantation. Experimental Physiology 3: 265-76. Callegari, A.E., Furguson-Gotschall, S., Gibori, G. (2005). PGF2alpha induced differential expssion of genes involved in turnover of extracellular matrix in rat decidual cells. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinolgy 3:3. Furchgott R.F, and Zawadzki J.V.(1980) The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature. Vol 288.
Thursday, September 19, 2019
Catcher in the Rye Essay: Levels of Meaning -- Catcher Rye Essays
Levels of Meaning in The Catcher in the Rye Protected by a cocoon of naivetà ©, Holden Caulfield, the principal character in the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, therapeutically relates his lonely 24 hour stay in downtown New York city, experiencing the "phony" adult world while dealing with the death of his innocent younger brother. Through this well-developed teenage character, JD Salinger, uses simple language and dialogue to outline many of the complex underlying problems haunting adolescents. With a unique beginning and ending, and an original look at our new society, The Catcher in the Rye is understood and appreciated on multiple levels of comprehension. The book provides new insights and a fresh view of the world in which adolescents live. One way for readers to measure their level of comprehension in this story, is to explore the meaning of the title, it's effect on the book's theme and how it provides a deep look into Holden's character. Being an attention demanding tool, the title also can provide a mystery to which the reader can understand by pulling together the clues, hidden in the text. To an experienced reader, who may be familiar with the book, imagery of a catcher in the rye is apparent throughout the story. However, for a new reader the journey begins past the middle of the book. While analyzing the city around him, Holden sees a kid walking in the street "singing and humming." As Holden nears he realizes the child is signing that song, "If a body catch a body coming through the rye" in a very pretty voice, making traffic come to a screeching halt, and making Holden feel "not so depressed."(116) So far, the title's words are just a catchy song, though their repetition, at a key mo... ...ginal tune, by Robert Burns, has the line "If a body meet a body comin thro' the rye," not "If a body catch a body comin thro' the rye." This is not the first time Holden has distorted something, though this lie has meaning. The original poem talks of the love of two people meeting each other, while Holden's image is that of falling children being caught. Love is replaced by Holden protecting children, who are facing a death-like situation, a change showing how much of an impact Allie's death made on Holden's life. One might also see that Holden himself is falling out of innocence and needs a Catcher in the Rye himself, the book's central paradox. In the end any reader could say that "The Catcher in the Rye" is Holden Caulfield, though this title opens up a door into understanding his deep personality, the books theme, while exploring the central paradox.
Wednesday, September 18, 2019
Mayapple :: Botany
Mayapple Podophyllum peltatum is most commonly known as the mayapple, but in various regions it is also known as Devil's apple, hog apple, Indian apple, umbrella plant, wild lemon, and American mandrake (though it should not be confused with true mandrake, Mandragora officinarum, an unrelated Old World plant whose roots have been used throughout history for medicines and potions). The plant gets its generic name from the Greek words podos and phyllon, meaning foot shaped leaves. Peltatum means shield-like. Mayapple is a well know rhizomatous herb that grows in gregarious groups in the oak-hickory forests all over the eastern United States and Southern Canada. The root is composed of many thick tubers, fastened together by fleshy fibres which spreads greatly underground, sending out many small fibers at the joints, which strike downward. The stems are solitary mostly branched, one to two feet high, crowned with two large, smooth leaves, stalked, peltate in the center like an umbrella the size of a human hand. It is sometimes called "umbrella plant" because the first sign of it in early spring is a short looking like a closed "umbrella". It's composed of five to seven wedge shaped divisions some what lobed and toothed at the apex. It has a whitish nodding flowers with parts in whorls of three between palmately dissected peltated leaves, about two inches across. The plant flowers from March to May, and fruits ripen from May to August. When it falls off, the fruit then develops, swells to the size and shape of the common rosehip, being one to two inches long. It is yellow in color and is sweet, though slightly acidic. The leaves and roots are poisonous. The foliage and stems have been used as a pot-herb. The Mayapple loves company and can be found growing in warm, sheltered spots, such as partially shaded borders, woods, and marshes, liking a light, loamy soil. It requires no other culture than to be kept clear of weeds, and is so hardy as to be seldom injured by frost. Mayapple is an easy-to-grow perennial and can quickly crowd out weaker plants. Large colonies develop from long, creeping rhizomes. The mayapple is perennial plant in the barberry family (Berberidaceae). The plants long, thin rhizome is the most poisonous part, but also the most useful (since the 1820's the plant has been recognized as being of medicinal value in the official U.S.A Pharmacopoeia) because it contains high concentrations of the compounds podophyllotoxin and alpha and beta peltatin, all of which have anti-cancer properties. Mayapple :: Botany Mayapple Podophyllum peltatum is most commonly known as the mayapple, but in various regions it is also known as Devil's apple, hog apple, Indian apple, umbrella plant, wild lemon, and American mandrake (though it should not be confused with true mandrake, Mandragora officinarum, an unrelated Old World plant whose roots have been used throughout history for medicines and potions). The plant gets its generic name from the Greek words podos and phyllon, meaning foot shaped leaves. Peltatum means shield-like. Mayapple is a well know rhizomatous herb that grows in gregarious groups in the oak-hickory forests all over the eastern United States and Southern Canada. The root is composed of many thick tubers, fastened together by fleshy fibres which spreads greatly underground, sending out many small fibers at the joints, which strike downward. The stems are solitary mostly branched, one to two feet high, crowned with two large, smooth leaves, stalked, peltate in the center like an umbrella the size of a human hand. It is sometimes called "umbrella plant" because the first sign of it in early spring is a short looking like a closed "umbrella". It's composed of five to seven wedge shaped divisions some what lobed and toothed at the apex. It has a whitish nodding flowers with parts in whorls of three between palmately dissected peltated leaves, about two inches across. The plant flowers from March to May, and fruits ripen from May to August. When it falls off, the fruit then develops, swells to the size and shape of the common rosehip, being one to two inches long. It is yellow in color and is sweet, though slightly acidic. The leaves and roots are poisonous. The foliage and stems have been used as a pot-herb. The Mayapple loves company and can be found growing in warm, sheltered spots, such as partially shaded borders, woods, and marshes, liking a light, loamy soil. It requires no other culture than to be kept clear of weeds, and is so hardy as to be seldom injured by frost. Mayapple is an easy-to-grow perennial and can quickly crowd out weaker plants. Large colonies develop from long, creeping rhizomes. The mayapple is perennial plant in the barberry family (Berberidaceae). The plants long, thin rhizome is the most poisonous part, but also the most useful (since the 1820's the plant has been recognized as being of medicinal value in the official U.S.A Pharmacopoeia) because it contains high concentrations of the compounds podophyllotoxin and alpha and beta peltatin, all of which have anti-cancer properties.
Tuesday, September 17, 2019
Church and State :: essays research papers
The Catholic Church, while she is militant on earth, is compelled to wage an incessant conflict, both for the preservation of the purity of her doctrines and for her own liberty in proclaiming them. The political disputes are a part and a consequence of the dogmatic controversy, and the mission of the Church resides in both alike. All modern history is filled with this double contest; on the one hand with her successive victories over new forms of error, and on the other with her gradual emancipation from every earthly influence. The latter aspect of ecclesiastical history is chiefly exhibited in the vicissitudes of the Papacy as a temporal power--in the growth and settlement of the Roman States. The conservation of the independence of the Holy See through the integrity of its territory has been an object of such importance as frequently to engage nearly the whole of Europe in the contests it has occasioned. Empires have risen and fallen in its behalf, and it has been the paramount interest and motive in most of the greatest changes in the political arrangement of Europe. It was a glorious spectacle for mankind, that, through all the shocks and changes of our history, through barbarous and civilized ages, in spite of the temptations of ambition and of the instigation of religious hatred, during centuries of boundless covetousness and violence, the Church, whilst surrounded by heretical and infidel powers, should have continued in possession of her dominions, recovering them whenever they were attacked, and gradually increasing them for nearly a thousand years, although guarded by nothing but the awe of an unseen protector, and the dread of the mysterious avenger who watched over her.
Perspectives of media in health and social care Essay
The objective of this essay is to understand the representations of the media in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/AIDS issue on gays and bisexual persons within health and social care setting. The importance of the mass media will be discussed to gain insight in promoting awareness on HIV/AIDS. It will clarify some specific theories and models of approach as they relate to mass media context in relation to the case studies and conclude. Irwin et al (2003) assert that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS epidemic in both developing and developed world including the United Kingdom (UK) has increased to a level that is beyond the control of the human behaviours; as a result, the increasing rate of people infected with the HIV/AIDS and the rate of people dying in terms of mortality rate have caused a concern among policy makers, journalists, governments and the Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) throughout the entire world. For example, people infected are estimated at 34 million with HIV/AIDS while people who died is at 1.7 million globally (UNAIDS 2012). This led journalists across the globe including the United Kingdom (UK) to adopt strategies and develop tools to combat the epidemics. Hart (1991) defines mass media as devices that simultaneously transmit messages to large numbers of people and indicates that media are classified in three different kinds which include presentational, representational, and mechanical or electronic media. The mass media performs three key functions: educating, shaping public relations, and advocating for a particular policy or point of view. As education tools, media not only impart knowledge, but can be part of larger efforts to promote health issues and other related activities (e.g., social marketing) to promote behaviour change social utility (Department of Health 2011). For instance, when using the social marketing, the mass media targets a particular through poster and other adverts to inform gays and bisexual about the HIV. Beck et al (2005) emphasises that the presentational media ensures face-to-face communication, e.g. speech. He also indicates that the representational media enables messages to be stored, passed over a distance and produced in the absence of the participants because they use symbol codes of prints, graphics and photography to communicate e.g. newspapers, comics and magazines. Thomson and White (2008) said that the messages are projected through television, radio, newspapers adverts, magazine, leaflets, books, and internet. This is evidenced in the communication model which states that the flow of information is a system of conveying a message in two ways, or in a multiple channels, because individuals will get opinions which are influenced by the type of message to be delivered. The model is based on two step system of information flow which in turn influences the wider community (Wellings and Field 1996). In United Kingdom (UK), the Department of Health allocated  £ 2.9 million each year to promote at the national level, the HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns through TV and other adverts (House of Lords 2010). The application of Marxist theory emphasises on the direct relationship existing between those who have economic power and those who can be able to disseminate information across the society. Tones and Tilford (2001) emphasised that the environmental model of approach is based on the advocating for the prevention of disease rather than depending on medical cure. Medical treatment is limited in providing effective behavioural change and cure. In other perspective, when using the environmental approach, a set of series programmes about HIV has only attempted to raise the awareness of how the disease can be contracted and prevented. Karpf (1998) identified the looking after yourself model said that this model mainly focus on individuals behaviour change. The concept of look after yourself approach has helped media and health organisations to campaign through TV, Radio and providing advices and necessary information to make people aware of the HIV effects. It also changed the way the society used to perceive the value of culture in line with the HIV/AIDS among gay and bisexual society, and this has become mainstreamed in the society (Miller 2002). McQuail (2010) emphasis that Marxist theory, put emphasis on promoting ideas than looking at material structure of the society. However, Marxist theory has contributed to the promotion of mass media; its critics depend on how media could have the power to influence the society in order to effectively effect change (McQuail 2010). The functionalist theory is based on the human behaviours which are run by the way social pattern reflect some kind of stability in relation to the social reality (Brym and Lie 2010) For instance, the use of TV as a channel to disseminate information on HIV/AIDS has offered sights and real message to stimulate people representation to understand the significance of the effect of having HIV/AIDS. Despite the use of TV as means of disseminating the message on HIV/AIDS, has a limited scope in term of coverage because it is often limited to crises (Basten 2009). The UNAIDS (2004) report indicates that with TV there are some costs associated to it, for instance, the cost of advertising a short avert on health issues such as the HIV/AIDS is high, because of time consuming and creative art for the performance to meet a particular market segments ( Hornik 2008). Beck et al (2005) indicates that the use of the radio as a media of communication has the potential to reach diverse groups of people and huge number of people within the community.
Monday, September 16, 2019
Benchmarks And Goal Setting Education Essay
Adult scholars bring a particular set of fortunes to the tabular array when they decided to go on their instruction. Their ends tend to be really different from those of younger scholars. They tend to convey a batch of life experiences with them that affect the manner they view larning. The benchmarks that they set should be really come-at-able and mensurable so that the scholar can experience as if they are doing the advancement that they want to. Adult scholars are really goal-oriented. They want to see that they are doing advancement and have a great desire to accomplish success. Many grownup scholars feel at hazard in an educational so in order to accomplish a successful and synergistic session, facilitators must demo their regard and support for grownup scholars. Puting single ends and mensurating accomplishment is an indispensable accomplishment for many scholars today. Depending on the person, ends may be set deliberately or subconsciously. If this procedure is applied to the acquisition environment pupils should be provided with the tools of goal- scene and accomplishment monitoring. A figure of research workers have suggested that goal-setting patterns can be utile, can impact academic accomplishment and can forestall pupil abrasion. In add-on, it was suggested that supplying non merely goal-setting patterns but besides uniting these patterns with progress feedback can hold an even greater consequence on academic accomplishment than carry oning goal-setting activities entirely without benefit of teacher feedback. It has been shown that the undermentioned three chief factors, setting-goals, self-assessment of public presentation against the ends, and having teacher feedback have been most helpful for scholars in accomplishing success ( Kat o, 2009 ) . Andragogy is perchance the first acquisition theory specifically for grownups. It follows the premise that grownups learn otherwise than kids because they have had more life experiences and are autonomous. It besides holds that information must be used shortly after its presentation for grownups to accept and absorb the acquisition. Additionally, Knowles identifies several countries that define the manner grownups learn. Adult scholars have great trade of experience to add to the acquisition environment. Educators can frequently utilize this as a resource. Adults expect to hold a high grade of influence on educational subjects and how they are to be educated. Adults need active engagement in planing and implementing their educational plans. Adults must recognize the relevance of any new acquisition. Adult scholars look frontward to to holding a high grade of influence on how their acquisition will be evaluated. Adults expect their feedback on the plan ‘s advancement to be acted upon in a timely manner ( Kelly, 2006 ) . Adult scholars are really goal-oriented. They want to see that they are doing advancement and have a great desire to accomplish. Many grownup scholars feel at hazard in an educational scene. Self-esteem and self-importance can be compromised in an environment that is non perceived as safe and supportive. In order to accomplish a successful and synergistic session, facilitators must demo their regard and support for grownup scholars ( Kelly, 2006 ) . Autonomous acquisition ( SDL ) accomplishments are the frequently the foundation of womb-to-tomb acquisition. Teaching intends to accomplish at least two indispensable ends for all pupils: to increase cognition with regard to peculiar content and to develop accomplishments that will function pupils good, even beyond the environment of a specific class. It has been found that from a schoolroom experiment that was designed to measure pupil public presentation with regard to the 2nd end of skill acquisition, specifically the accomplishment of autonomous acquisition ( SDL ) was most of import ( Dynan, Cate and Rhee, 2008 ) . A successful goal-setting procedure that focuses on direction and acquisition is cardinal to good educational pattern. Puting ends allows grownup instruction pupils to stipulate what they want to carry through and provides a benchmark for both single and plan public presentation. Goal scene is an synergistic procedure that involves scholars in, placing and entering their ends, finding whether the ends are come-at-able and mensurable, making a timeline for accomplishing them based on an appropriate instructional program and relevant acquisition activities and set uping a agency for periodic reappraisal and alteration of their ends ( NRS Tips: Learner Goals and NRS Goalsaa‚ ¬ †Making the Connection, n.d. ) . The best ends that can be set normally have five basic features: Precise ends let pupils cognize what they are endeavoring for and give them a clear mark at which to take. Measurable ends allow pupils to cognize when they have achieved their ends. Accomplishable ends are those within a studentaa‚ ¬a„?s range. Reasonable ends achieve a balance between forcing pupils to their bounds and non thwarting them. Time-limited ends create due day of the months that push pupils to finish a end. A timeline should include periodic cheques on advancement ( NRS Tips: Learner Goals and NRS Goalsaa‚ ¬ †Making the Connection, n.d. ) . Establishing grownup scholar ends defines the countries in which direction and acquisition will be focused in add-on to supplying a benchmark by which plans and pupils study advancement. To function this double intent, it is indispensable to distinguish between short and long-run mileposts. It is necessary to update the studentaa‚ ¬a„?s end choice if their state of affairs alterations. It may be suited to curtail the pick of certain ends when their choice is inappropriate. Programs must supply counsel so that grownup scholars select describing ends that are sensible. Plans are encouraged to utilize common sense when assisting pupils choose ends ( Requirements for Student Intake and Description of OAE Adult Learner Assessment Policies and Procedures, 2008 ) . Physical and cognitive alterations that take topographic point as people age are of import to observe because they can hold an affect on grownup acquisition and on the ends that they set: Older pupils have slower reaction times than younger scholars. They need more clip to larn new things as they age, nevertheless, when grownups can command the gait of acquisition, they can frequently efficaciously counterbalance for their deficiency of velocity and larn new things successfully. Vision normally declines from the age of 18 to 40. After 40 there is a crisp diminution for the following 15 old ages, but after age 55 the diminution in vision occurs at a slower rate. Approximately at age 70 a individuals hearing Begins to worsen aggressively and a individual begins sing jobs with pitch, volume, and rate of response. Loss of hearing can be compensated for through the usage of hearing AIDSs, but frequently older pupils may be embarrassed by their hearing loss and experience less confident. This diminution in assurance can go a greater hinderance to larning than the physical disablement. Few changes have been found in both centripetal and short-run memory as a individual ages, but long term memory diminutions. Older grownups have a harder clip geting and recovering information and they experience troubles in forming new stuff and in treating it. Older grownups are non every bit able as younger scholars in trials of callback, but the differences between older and younger scholars in trials of acknowledgment are little or absent. When contextual acquisition methods are used, fewer diminutions have been found in the memory procedure as a individual ages. The most jobs with memory for older scholars occur with meaningless acquisition, complex acquisition, and the acquisition of new things that require reappraisal of old acquisition ( Adult Learning, n.d. ) .DecisionAdult scholars bring a particular set of fortunes to the tabular array when they decided to go on their instruction. Their ends are really different from those of younger scholars because of the fact that they have so much life experience to trust upon. The benchmarks that they set need to be non merely come-at-able but besides need to be really mensurable so that the scholar can experience as if they are doing the advancement that they want to.
Sunday, September 15, 2019
Relationship and School Community Essay
Method While keeping in mind Mai’s method for determining subjects, I read the article â€Å"Care, Concern, and Communication†by Susan Pickford. I chose Mai’s conception because Wilson leaves out one major method of indexing that could be named user-oriented method (Mai, 2000). The basic idea of user-oriented method is that the indexer needs to have the user’s information needs and terminology in mind when determining the subject matter of the document as well as when selecting index terms for the document. It suggests that the indexer should have knowledge about the user’s needs to determine the subject matter. Mai argues 5 methods in indexing. First one is a simplistic conception similar to Wilson’s (1968) constantly referred to method. This method determines the subject by counting frequencies of occurrences of words in the document so it could be the most objective method. The problem is that there is not necessarily any correlation between occurrences of words in a document and its content. Second method is a document-oriented conception. The basic idea is that the indexer should establish the subject matter solely based on an analysis of the document itself; the goal is to represent the document as truthfully as possible and ensure the subject representation is valid for a long time. Third method is a content-oriented conception attempts to describe the content of the document as fully as possible. This conception shows historical and cultural circumstances that determine the subject matter of the documents. Fourth one is a user-oriented conception mentioned in above paragraph. Last one is a requirement-oriented conception. In this method, the indexers have knowledge about the users’ individual information needs and work tasks. It is only useful in smaller organizations and indexing done by this method, like a user-oriented conception, changes over time. Subject Description The article is about Jane Roland Martin’s argument for the SchoolHome, an idea of making the school home away from home. In this system, school children would be taught the three C’s: care, concern and communication and thus their education would be inclusive, merging intellectual with the heart. The result: the epidemic of violence would be reduced and the domestic vacuum in children’s lives filled for good. Derived Indexing Children of the ‘90s are a content-oriented concept that describes historical and cultural context in which the document is produced. Without using Children of the ‘90s in the subjects of the document one would lose context for the article, so it is important to include the article for understanding. It is possible to find documents like children’ education influenced by social conditions or changes of ‘90s. Domestic Vacuum in Children’s Lives is a user-oriented concept that is the foundation of the article and would be accessible from this common phrase or variations thereof (e. g. , â€Å"domestic vacuum†, â€Å"live* vacuum†, and â€Å"child* live*†using wildcards for the greatest number of matches for the concept). Schoolhome is essentially a simplistic and document-oriented concept that serves an identifier for the article in the most general way while it does not describe the content of the article. This term would be especially useful in finding such things as case studies or curriculum examples for Schoolhome. Rethinking Schools for Changing Families is an excellent term that touches slightly on all of Mai’s conceptions. While it is the book title of Jane Ronald Martin, in its various wildcard combinations is a simple general term, reflects the article’s content, and speaks to the more specialized non-expert and expert subject areas that are brought up with School, Changing, and Families. Transforming American Education is a document-oriented term that helps to focus the search to the overarching concepts that are touched on in Children of the ‘90s, Domestic Vacuum in Children’ Lives, Schoolhome, and Rethinking Schools for Changing Families. The document types that American Education points to vary from the basic to the expert, making it a very good lynch pin-term. Free Indexing Although the derived terms above do a good job in reflecting the ideas in the article, some additional terms may include: Social Context for Children Education, which brings in Education and children, but Social Context is a broader, less expert phrase than containing ‘90s and domestic vacuum terms. Philosophy of Children Education, which gives as sense of the article, but the word Philosophy may not be an obvious children education search term. School and Home in United States, which is akin to schoolhome. Schoolhome would also be a good derived term, but this is slightly more nominative than descriptive. Moreover, using United States as an example gives geographical criteria to indexing term. Family School Relationship expands on Children Education with relationship between Family and School. It also broadens the scope by detailing what the school reform would be about. School Reform is a good term that points the search in the direction of planning and results for Transforming American Education. These 5 free- indexed terms would all be in Mai’s user and requirement areas, since some of the terms might be meaningful to those experts enough to think of using jargon as search terms. Assigned Indexing (ERIC) Educational Change: I found that â€Å"education†was a better term over â€Å"school†for â€Å"reform†, but feel that my subject terms School Reform and Rethinking Schools for Changing Families are still appropriate in that they speak to individual schools (as in a study), although in the grand schema of the database it does not help to split hairs. In ERIC, education reform was educational change (as of 1996, although â€Å"reform†is still commonly used in society) and the contents regarded modification of things such as curriculum and teaching methods, which matches the article. Educational Philosophy: It is a good match, in that reflects the article’s context and themes. Social Environment: It means â€Å"social factors or conditions that influence individuals or groups†. It is a broader phrase than Social Context for Children Education. Family School Relationship: It has a placeholder for it but no information (i. e. , no related terms, but I take it to be a viable indexing entry). It is also used for school home relationship. School Community Relationship: It means â€Å"formal or informal interactions between an educational institution and the surrounding community†, which matches the article. I believe â€Å"brand names†like Domestic Vacuum in Children’s Live, Children of the ‘90s, Schoolhome, and Rethinking Schools for Changing Families do not have much use in the thesaurus, but the variations of Social Environment, Educational Philosophy, Family School Relationship, and School Community do an excellent job in representing the subject, derived and free terms above. Although I see where my subject analysis was too narrow in some places I am leaving the term â€Å"as-is†(except for â€Å"education reform†for â€Å"school reform†, which is not much of a trade seeing how it is actually â€Å"change†) to show the evolution of the indexing process in the assignment and in my mind. To revise my analysis would be like looking in the back of the textbook to do my homework. 6. 7. Compare, Contrast and Justification When I compared the derived and free indexing terms I selected with the descriptors in the ERIC thesaurus I was surprised by the number of them that were not in the ERIC thesaurus. In a few cases there was a close term, but for most there was nothing. This furthered my understanding of not only how challenging it is to select subjects for indexing, but how much harder it would be when faced with a controlled vocabulary. For the most part only the very narrow ‘generic’ subjects were listed in the thesaurus, the more descriptive terms were not. In two cases terms I selected actually has a better term in the thesaurus, such as my choice of School Reform compared to the ERIC thesaurus descriptor Educational Change. The thesaurus does a service to the search process by training the indexer to be as strategic as possible in boiling down the essential terms or concepts of an article. My derived and free terms were no less accurate than the assigned terms, because author Susan B. Pickford was writing with an audience in mind and used the â€Å"brand names†to illustrate her article. ERIC is invaluable in not only framing the terminology commonly used for subjects, but also gives the searcher context, such as what the current term used to be, along with a date of the change. This makes research interesting as an historical concept, and seeing how improvements have been made over the years, it helps to sharpen the indexer’s ear for the best possible match (e. g. , â€Å"education†in lieu of â€Å"school,†â€Å"change†instead of â€Å"reform†). As author Stephen Nachmanovich wrote, â€Å"Creativity exists more in the searching than in the finding. †However, in being creative as an indexer, you help the searcher in finding things where he wouldn’t normally have considered looking.
Saturday, September 14, 2019
Mercy Killing or Murder? Essay
It has been exactly one month ago your mother told you she has cancer and it is inoperable. The doctor have her three months to live and told her that the cancer would be very painful and would spread to her brain causing her to be very confused and disoriented. Now you stand before your mother, a mere shadow of the person she once was. She looks at you with tears in her eyes and asks you to do something that you would never consider doing in a million years. Your mother that you love more than life itself has just asked you to help her commit suicide. She tells you she cannot stand the pain anymore and she cannot bear to see the family stand around her crying, hoping and praying that she will get better knowing she will not†¦ What would you say to her? Would you or could you help her? Would you ask the doctor to do it for you? These are just a few questions one would be faced with if put into that situation. On one hand, you want to do whatever your mother tells you to do. However, on the other hand actually you would be committing murder in the eyes of the law. Euthanasia in my opinion should be a freedom of choice because it provides a way for individuals to relieve extreme pain, it allows individuals to die with dignity, and it frees up medical funds to help other individuals. Although, some may conclude that euthanasia would not only be for people who are terminally ill, it would become non-voluntary, and it would become a means of health care cost containment. Euthanasia provides a way for individuals to relieve extreme pain. Many people fear the lingering effects of chronic illness, when pain and the inability to control one’s body reduce the quality of life (Kavanaugh). What person wants to live if their life is nothing but pain from the time they wake up until they fall asleep. Most people who have these life ending illnesses also have to heal with having to have someone take care of them twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. This is where most individuals lose what dignity they have. Poor mental health can be treated- medications, psychotherapy, etc. – whereas terminally ill individuals plagued with excruciating pain death is inevitable (Humphry). What kind of life is it to have someone do everything for you? Basically, these individuals are like life size dolls that have to be bathed, dressed, and feed by someone in order to live. There cannot be many individuals who want to live their remaining days on this earth in that situation. Euthanasia allows individuals to die with dignity. When a person has no quality of life, then they should be able to choose to die because it is unfair to force them to continue living (Smith). It is understandable that someone would rather die than have to wear diapers and have someone there that has to take it off and clean up after them. That is just one of the very many things that cause a person to lose their dignity. Human life is sacred it should not be degraded by reducing the quality of life for the sake of extending the quality of life (Green). Family members also go through tremendous grief watching their loved one day after day suffer. Most individuals will tell you that after their loved one has passed away they are glad they are not suffering anymore. Euthanasia provides relief not only for the individual who is suffering, also for the family members who have to endure seeing their loved one suffer and watch lay in utter embarrassment due to the fact that they cannot control their bodily functions anymore. Euthanasia frees up medical funds to help other individuals. Money saved could be used towards saving people who can be or towards research into why their condition cannot be cured (Flemming). Doctors could be on the brink of discovering a cure to a certain illness but they cannot get the funding needed to continue their research because the money went to keep a few individuals alive who were diagnosed with only a month to live. Is that fair to the parents of a five year old who is waiting for that research to be done so their son or daughter could be able to live a full life, grow old, and have children of their own? It would also help the financial burden that would occur on the remaining family members. An individual staying in the hospital one month could accumulate charges in the tens of thousands of dollars. Millions of dollars of taxpayer’s money is spent keeping alive and caring for many people who are just waiting in hospitals to die (Humphry). Can you imagine the research doctors could do with that kind of money? Maybe if a few of those who were diagnosed with only a month to live and wanted to end their life had the freedom to do so, doctors could use the money saved and put it towards finding a cure for whatever that individual was dying from. Who knows, maybe the next person that came along with that illness would be cured due to the fact that a few certain individuals choose to end their lives by euthanasia. Euthanasia would not only be for people who are â€Å"terminally ill. †The legalization of euthanasia would be devastating because it would have mentally ill and depressed individuals that do have some hope of recovery wanting to end their lives (Weir 58). Individuals who are depressed might at that very moment think they want to end their life. Nevertheless, what about a few days later when things do not seem so awful. That individual may not choose euthanasia. Depression, in my opinion should not be a factor in someone wanting to end his or her life. The reason being is that when someone is depressed they may feel like they do not want to live another day, but the next day they might feel very different. That is the problem with someone being diagnosed with depression. One day they may want to die, the next day they may feel like they are on top of the world and want nothing more than to live. An article in the journal, Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, described euthanasia guidelines for those with a hopeless condition, â€Å"hopeless condition†was defined to include terminal illness, severe physical or psychological pain, physical or mental debilitation or deterioration, or a quality of life no longer acceptable to the individual (Braddock). How can any guidelines be set due to the fact that everyone’s idea of an acceptable quality of life is different? What you may think is a good quality of life; another individual may think that if they had to live like that they would go insane. There needs to be more research done on these guidelines before they are set in stone. Euthanasia can become a means of health care cost containment. Legalized euthanasia raises the potential for a profoundly dangerous situation in which doctors could find themselves far better off financially if a seriously ill or disabled person â€Å"chooses†to die rather than receive long-term health care (Smith). This concept would put individuals and their families in an awkward position. Knowing you’re going to die in only a matter of months, do you decide to go ahead and end your life knowing the money saved will help someone else, or do you tough it out waiting and hoping that some kind of miracle cure comes in the nick of time giving you another chance at life? Their doctors might course individuals with HMO’s into euthanasia because HMO’s are all about making money (Dyck). No individual should be made to feel guilty about wanting to live, especially by his or her insurance carrier or doctor. No one should be pressured into making that decision especially when they are ill. Doctors take the Hippocratic Oath before they begin to practice. They swear in this oath to protect life, not to try to end it. If doctors start being coursed by insurance carriers this would go against everything they are suppose to believe in. Some doctors in this world who are all about making money and the legalization of euthanasia would give those unscrupulous doctors the perfect opportunity to make more money. Euthanasia will become non-voluntary. Emotional and psychological pressures could become overpowering for depressed or dependent people causing them to opt for euthanasia (Smith). If doctors start suggesting euthanasia to their patients, those patients may feel like the doctor knows what is best for their situation and actually consider euthanasia only because they feel like the doctor is pressuring them. Before the doctor suggested euthanasia, it was not even a considered by the patient. Doctors need to realize what kind of influence that they have over patients before they start suggesting euthanasia, especially when it comes to the elderly. Most elderly people feel as if their doctor that they have been with for years is some kind of â€Å"God†and will listen to and do just about whatever the doctor tells them. If the choice of euthanasia is considered as good as a decision to receive care, many people will feel guilty for not choosing death (Flemming). This is where euthanasia becomes a problem. Euthanasia goes against most people’s religious belief. However, if the doctor is telling them that it is ok, how are these elderly individuals going to be able to make a sound decision? Euthanasia is a very complex topic, one with many doubts and unanswered questions. The question society needs to answer is not: is euthanasia morally permissible (it has tacitly conceded that it is), but which type of euthanasia is permissible, and under what conditions? The power to terminate life, at present, solely rests in the hands of the medical profession and is not exempt from misuse or abuse. Euthanasia should be a freedom of choice in my opinion, it not only provides individuals relief from extreme pain, it allows them to die with dignity, and it frees up medical funds to help others that are in need. However, some individuals may feel that euthanasia would not only be for people who are â€Å"terminally ill,†it would become non-voluntary, and it it would become a means of health care cost containment. I do not claim to hold the answers to the difficult questions euthanasia raises, nor do I claim to be a pro euthanasia lobbyist. However, I do believe that if an individual is terminally ill and feel that their quality of life is not acceptable, he or she should have the right to choose to either let nature take its course, or choose euthanasia and die with dignity. Work Cited Braddock, Clarence. Physician-Assisted Suicide, Ethics in Medicine. 11 Apr 2008 Univ. of Washington School of Medicine 19 Apr 2008 http://depts. washington. edu/bioethx/topics/pas. html Dyck, Arthur. Life’s Worth: The Case Against Assisted Suicide Economy and Society. AD 2000 16. 2 05 March 2003 http://www. ad2000. com. au/articles/2003/march2003p17_1281. html Flemming, Rebecca. â€Å"Suicide, Euthanasia and Medicine: Reflections ancient and Modern†Economy and Society. 34. 2 (2005) 295-321 Ebscohost. Hazard Community and Technical Coll. Lib, Hazard, Ky. 19 Apr. 2008
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